No surprise Google is determined for extra energy: The corporate’s information facilities greater than doubled their electrical energy use in simply 4 years.
The attention-popping stat comes from Google’s most up-to-date sustainability report, which it launched late final week. In 2024, Google information facilities used 30.8 million megawatt-hours of electrical energy. That’s up from 14.4 million megawatt-hours in 2020, the earliest 12 months Google broke out information middle consumption.
Google has pledged to make use of solely carbon-free sources of electrical energy to energy its operations, a activity made more difficult by its breakneck tempo of information middle development.
And the corporate’s electrical energy woes are virtually totally a knowledge middle downside. In 2024, information facilities accounted for 95.8% of all the firm’s electron price range.
The corporate’s ratio of data-center-to-everything-else has been remarkably constant during the last 4 years. Although 2020 is the earliest 12 months Google has made information middle electrical energy consumption figures accessible, it’s doable to make use of that ratio to extrapolate again in time. Some fast math reveals that Google’s information facilities doubtless used simply over 4 million megawatt-hours of electrical energy in 2014. That’s sevenfold development in only a decade.
The tech firm has already picked a lot of the low-hanging fruit by bettering the effectivity of its information facilities. These efforts have paid off, and the corporate is often lauded for being at the forefront. However as the corporate’s energy utilization effectiveness (PUE) has approached the theoretical supreme of 1.0, progress has slowed. Final 12 months, Google’s company-wide PUE dropped to 1.09, a 0.01 enchancment over 2023 however solely 0.02 higher than a decade in the past.
It’s clear that Google wants extra electrical energy, and to maintain to its carbon-free pledge, it has been investing closely in a spread of vitality sources, together with geothermal, each flavors of nuclear energy, and renewables.
Geothermal reveals promise for information middle operations. By tapping into Earth’s warmth, enhanced geothermal energy vegetation can constantly generate electrical energy whatever the climate. And plenty of startups, together with Google-backed Fervo Vitality, are making it doable to drill worthwhile wells in additional locations.
On the nuclear fusion facet, Google final week introduced it will put money into Commonwealth Fusion Programs and purchase 200 megawatts of electrical energy from its forthcoming Arc energy plant, scheduled to come back on-line within the early 2030s. Within the nuclear fission world, Google has pledged to purchase 500 megawatts of electrical energy from Kairos Energy, a small modular reactor startup.
The nuclear offers have but to ship energy — they usually received’t for 5 years or extra. Within the meantime, the corporate has been on a renewable vitality shopping for spree. In Could, the corporate purchased 600 megawatts of photo voltaic capability in South Carolina, and in January, it introduced a deal for 700 megawatts of photo voltaic in Oklahoma. Google mentioned in 2024 it was working with Intersect Energy and TPG Rise Local weather to construct a number of gigawatts’ price of carbon-free energy vegetation, a $20 billion funding.
The outlay isn’t shocking provided that photo voltaic and (to a lesser extent) wind are the one two sources of energy which might be available earlier than the tip of the last decade.
New nuclear energy vegetation take years to allow and construct, and even essentially the most optimistic timelines don’t see them connecting to the grid or a knowledge middle earlier than the tip of the last decade. Pure fuel, which the U.S. has loads of, is hamstrung by five-plus-year waitlists for brand new generators. That leaves renewables paired with battery storage.
Google has contracted with sufficient renewables to match its complete consumption, although these sources don’t all the time ship electrons when and the place the corporate wants them.
“After we introduced to the world that we’d obtain that 100% annual matching objective, we have been very clear that wasn’t the tip state,” Michael Terrell, Google’s head of superior vitality, advised reporters final week. “The top recreation was 24/7 carbon-free vitality across the clock all over the place we function always.”
Google has some work to do.
Worldwide, the corporate has about 66% of its information middle consumption, matched to the hour, powered by carbon-free electrical energy. However that common papers over some regional challenges. Whereas its Latin American information facilities hit 92% final 12 months, its Center East and Africa amenities are solely at 5%.
These hurdles are a part of why Google is investing in secure, carbon-free sources like fission and fusion, Terrell mentioned. “To ensure that us to ultimately attain this objective, we’re going to need to have these applied sciences,” he mentioned.
